It's True: PA Teens Don't Work Like They Used To

For generations, the teen job was a classic American rite of passage.

But across much of Pennsylvania, that experience has become far less common.

The data tell a clear story and reveal something deeper about how Pennsylvania’s economy, culture, and politics are diverging. A generation ago, when many members of Generation X were teenagers, roughly half of American teens worked or were actively looking for work.

In the late 1970s, the teen labor force participation rate was close to 58%. Even by 2000, about half of teens still participated in the labor force. Today, that figure is closer to one-third.  Pennsylvania has followed the same path.

Around the turn of the century, roughly 45% of Pennsylvania teenagers ages 16 to 19 held jobs. By 2010, following the recession and broader labor market changes, that figure had fallen to roughly 29%.

In other words, compared to a generation ago, far fewer teenagers are entering the workforce during high school.

At first glance, that might not seem concerning. Many parents and educators emphasize academics, athletics, and extracurricular activities. Teenagers today often juggle Advanced Placement courses, college preparation, and organized sports schedules that would have been uncommon decades ago.

Yet the broader trend raises important questions.

Part-time work has long provided more than a paycheck. Early employment helps young people develop basic workplace skills: punctuality, teamwork, customer interaction, and financial responsibility. Economists have repeatedly found that teenagers who work during high school are more likely to remain attached to the labor force as adults.

Those early experiences often shape habits that last a lifetime.

Yet, the decline in teen employment is not evenly distributed across Pennsylvania. A striking geographic pattern has emerged: teenagers in rural counties are significantly more likely to work than teenagers in suburban communities.

In many rural counties, between 40 and 50% of teens still hold jobs.

By contrast, in suburban counties surrounding Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, the share is often closer to 30%.

In Philadelphia itself, teen employment rates fall closer to 20%.

The contrast is striking. In parts of central Pennsylvania, teen work remains a cultural norm. In many affluent suburbs, it has become far less common.

Several forces appear to be driving the divide.

In rural communities, small businesses often depend on teenage workers. Restaurants, farms, landscaping companies, and local retailers rely on young employees to fill part-time roles. Labor shortages in these areas can make teenage workers especially valuable.

Suburban communities operate differently. Higher household incomes reduce the financial pressure for teenagers to work. At the same time, many students face intense academic schedules designed to strengthen college applications. Between sports practices, tutoring sessions, and extracurricular clubs, there is simply less time available for traditional part-time jobs.

Paradoxically, the decline in teen employment also extends to many urban areas, though for different reasons. In cities, job opportunities for teenagers are often limited, and transportation barriers or hiring practices can make it harder for young people to access entry-level work.

The result is a widening gap between places where teen employment remains common and places where it has faded.

Seen through a political lens, the geography of teen work increasingly mirrors Pennsylvania’s partisan map.

Rural counties where teenagers still take after-school jobs tend to lean Republican. Urban centers, where youth employment is lowest, remain strongly Democratic. Suburban communities sit in between politically and economically, where college preparation has often replaced the part-time job.

None of this determines how a young person will vote someday. But it does shape experience.

In some communities, teenagers still learn early what it means to earn a paycheck. In others, that first encounter with the workforce comes later.

It’s one more quiet way that Pennsylvania’s cultural and political divides continue to widen.

Athan Koutsiouroumbas is a managing director at Long Nyquist and Associates and a former congressional chief of staff. Follow him on X at @Athan_K